The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Seeking Empirical Regularity and Theoretical Structure
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Seeking Empirical Regularity and Theoretical Structure
Long before the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), which shows pollution at first increasing and then decreasing as income increases (see Figure 1), became enshrined in standard economic principles texts (e.g., Frank and Bernanke 2005), a very different view was set out by Ehrlich and Holden (1971). Much of the science and policy community still subscribes to their famous IPAT equation (I = PAT...
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The empirical literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) purports to describe how a nation's environmental quality will evolve if it makes the transition from poverty to wealth. The popular generalization is that pollution will first increase and then, if income becomes sufficiently high, decline. Empirical support for this proposition is based primarily on crosscountry variations in i...
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1. Introduction The environmental Kuznets curve is a hypothesized relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. In the early stages of economic growth degradation and pollution increase, but beyond some level of income per capita (which will vary for different indicators) the trend reverses, so that at high-income levels economic growth leads to env...
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This paper uses an updated and revised panel data set on ambient air pollution in cities worldwide to examine the robustness of the evidence for the existence of an inverted-U-shaped relationship between national income and pollution. We test the sensitivity of the pollution-income relationship to functional forms, to additional covariates, and to changes in the nations, cities, and years sampl...
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The number of studies seeking to empirically characterize the reduced-form relationship between a country economic growth and the quantity of various pollutants produced has recently increased significantly. In several cases researchers have found evidence in favor of an inverted-U “environmental Kuznets” curve. In the case of a major greenhouse gas, CO2, however, the evidence is at best mixed....
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Review of Environmental Economics and Policy
سال: 2010
ISSN: 1750-6816,1750-6824
DOI: 10.1093/reep/rep021